Quaternary deposits
These are the surface deposits comprising of loosely bound or unconsolidated sand, silt and clay that are the most recently picked and deposited particles by wind, water or glacier.
Slates
The meta-sedimentary rocks (sedimentary rocks later exposed to higher temperature-pressure conditions) of the Indian continental plate indicate clay and silty layers of shallow calm marine settings which compacted and transformed due to exposure to a heat source.
Limestones
These rocks form in shallow marine setting at the boundary of the continental plate before colliding with the Eurasian plate. Limestones depicts calcium carbonate settling out of shallow sea water or from the shells of the dead fauna in warm shallow waters.
Diorite
These rocks are called transitional because these are neither the dark dense iron rich type nor the whitish silica rich type. These are formed in island arcs- marine setting. It occurs in large volumes forming the roots of mountains as is in the Kohistan Island Arc sequence.
Kohistan Batholith
The huge magma (molten rock) body that resulted in complex rock types. It holds dual history of intra-oceanic and continental subduction comprising of gabbroic diorites and quartz rich sequences staggered with granites, granodiorites and pegmatite sheets. From high silica rocks to iron rich rocks, this igneous body shows subduction within the ocean and beneath the continent.
Hornblende
A transitional rock found in combination with diorite and granites. This indicates that the rock formed in subsurface igneous environments
Garnet granulite rocks
These distinct rocks infer conditions of crustal depths during regional scale metamorphism and very high temperatures- characteristic of mountain building process
Eclogite rocks
These rocks are categorically formed in deeper portions of the upper mantle (second layer of the Earth) where temperatures are greater than 400 ˚C
Gabbro
The high-density rock of the mid ocean ridge (ocean floor) is rich in iron and magnesium. In our section this rock is thrust upon to the surface from greater depths due to forces operating the mountain building process of the Himalayas
Mafic-ultramafic sequences
These rocks form the massive sequences layered with intrusions. These rocks indicate high iron-magnesium content of the magma at the time of crystallization and form deep inside the crust.
